CIVED

Comparative Analysis of Crawler Crane Productivity in Girder Erection: A Theoretical Study and Direct Observation

Massayu Sekar Bawana, Milinda Nur Indah Puspita, I Nyoman Dita Pahang Putra — Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Every construction project, in general, has a specific and systematic method implementation program, such as the utilization of heavy equipment in girder erection work. This focus is selected based on the high technical complexity of girder erection work, so the productivity of heavy equipment greatly affects the work's success. The aim is to analyze the suitability between theoretical calculation of crawler crane productivity and direct observations in girder erection work and identify the factors that cause the productivity difference. This study combines the theoretical calculations and direct observations to evaluate the productivity of crawler cranes in girder erection work. Based on theory, the method of calculating crane productivity is done by analyzing the operating cycle time and productivity of crawler cranes. With the direct observations method, actual data is taken in the field, which is then calculated as the result of its productivity. From the results of this study, it is found that the results of crawler crane productivity in direct observation in the field have a higher productivity value compared to the productivity value in theoretical calculations, namely 1.51 units/hour, while in theoretical calculations, the productivity value is 1.060 units/hour. The difference in value is caused by several factors in the field, such as weather conditions, operational obstacles, and the operator's efficiency.

Analysis of Fulfillment Security, Safety, Health, and Sustainability (K4) Standards Building Construction in Padang City

Irvan Guswandi, Akhmad Suraji, Benny Hidayat — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Construction services play a crucial role in national development, and providing Safety, Health, and Sustainability (K4) standards is an important aspect in its implementation. This study aims to channel the level of provision of K4 standards in building construction in Padang City from the perspective of stakeholders (Project Owners, Supervising Consultants, and Contractors), and identify areas that need improvement. This research method uses a qualitative approach with semi-structured interview techniques. Interviews were conducted in depth with representatives from each stakeholder to explore information on the understanding, implementation, and challenges related to K4 standards. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively by identifying themes that emerged from the interviews and comparing them with the applicable K4 standards. The results of the study indicate that the level of provision of K4 standards in building construction in Padang City is not yet optimal. Of the eight criteria containing K4 standards, there are three standards that have been 100% met (material quality standards, quality standards for the results of construction service implementation, and social protection guidelines for workers). However, there are five standards that still need to be improved, namely equipment quality standards (87.50%), occupational health and safety standards (84.37%), construction service implementation procedure standards (97.22%), operational and maintenance standards (66.67%), and environmental management standards (91.20%). The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the stakeholder perspective in evaluating K4 standards. Previous studies tend to view K4 standards from only one perspective, so this study provides a more comprehensive picture. In addition, this study also specifically identifies areas that need to be improved, so that they can be the basis for implementing more effective construction policies. The practical implications of this study are recommendations for more comprehensive construction policies to improve the provision of K4 standards. Local governments and construction associations can use the results of this study to develop more effective training, socialization, and supervision programs. In addition, this study can also be a reference for construction actors to increase awareness and compliance with K4 standards.

Evaluation of Development Projects on Special Allocation Funds Sources for the Pariaman City Self-Help Housing Program

Rhama Budi Setia, Taufika Ophiyandri, Akhmad Suraji — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the success rate of the program (target accuracy, satisfaction, and community self-reliance) of the special allocation fund (DAK) self-help housing assistance in Pariaman City, a coastal area with a majority of low-income residents and many uninhabitable houses. This program is part of the government's efforts to overcome poverty and deal with slum areas, as stipulated in the Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 7 of 2022. Previous studies may have only focused on one or two dimensions. This study uses a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale to measure target accuracy, satisfaction, and community self-reliance. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with beneficiaries and related parties to understand their context and experiences related to the program. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using thematic analysis. The results showed that the program was right on target (more than 80% of respondents gave the highest score), the level of satisfaction was high (more than 70% of respondents gave a score of 4 or 5), and community participation was very good (84.29% of beneficiaries were involved in house construction on average). These findings provide strong empirical evidence of the success of the DAK self-help housing assistance program in Pariaman City. The local government can use the results of this study to strengthen the DAK self-help housing assistance program, for example by increasing budget allocation or expanding the reach of the program.

Phenomenon of Sediment Distribution Patterns in Bends Due to Changes in Check Dam Layout

Nurul Kurniasari, Darwizal Daoed, Nurhamidah — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Indonesia has high rainfall, which often causes flooding. Large volumes of rainwater cause sediment in river channels to move from upstream to downstream. The shape of rivers in Indonesia tends to bend, so the researcher conducted a study of the turning channel using a check dam structure with three placement conditions, namely before the bend, in the middle of the bend, and after the bend. This research was conducted at the Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Padang. This study aims to determine the impact of sediment on erosion caused by the placement of check dams on river bends and to determine the distribution of sediment due to changes in the position of Check Dam buildings on river bends. A 12.8 m long channel, made of 5 mm acrylic, with a cross section of 0.4 m x 0.4 m and a bend angle of 120o, was used in the experiment. Researchers measured flood discharge and sediment distribution for each of the three check dam positions. The study showed that the sediment distribution varied significantly depending on the location of the check dam. The researchers observed that the most balanced sediment distribution, with relatively equal deposition on the inner and outer sides of the bend, occurred when the check dam was placed after the bend. Based on these findings, they recommend placing check dams after bends in meandering rivers to minimize erosion and promote a more balanced sediment distribution.

Risk Control of Work Accidents in the Overpass Steel Box Girder Erection Work Process with JSA and HIRADC Methods

Muhammad Yoris Saeful Siesmax, Muhamad Oka Mahendra — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The construction of bridges, flyovers, overpasses, and other types of crossing structures is increasing along with the increasing volume of traffic. One important aspect of this development is the Girder Erection process, which is highly risky because heavy equipment and materials are in direct contact with workers. This study aims to analyze the risk of work at each stage of the construction of the Steel Box Girder Overpass Balaraja Barat B Tangerang City using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control (HIRADC) methods. This analysis covers each stage of work, starting from preparation, crawler crane setup, Steel Box Girder assembly, and Erection. The results showed 5 jobs with low-risk levels, 6 jobs with high-risk levels, and 7 jobs with very high-risk levels. In the research findings, the factor that causes the dominance of high and very high-risk levels is due to the impact of the risks that arise many of which have a very fatal impact so that they can cause large material losses and can cause casualties. Therefore, the determination of risk control is carried out to reduce the risk level to a lower level. After controlling, the risk level results are 11 jobs with low-risk levels, 6 jobs with moderate risk levels, and 1 job with high risk.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Payments for Building Construction Projects using APBD Funds According to Contract Law

Agil Resfani Mardhiyah, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Late payment is a common problem that often occurs in construction projects and can hinder project completion. Previous studies have stated that factors that influence late payment include the financial condition of the project owner and poor business management as well as delays in payment by the project owner and others. Previous studies only discussed the factors that cause late payment. This study aims to identify factors that influence late payment and find solutions to overcome them. The research method used is qualitative with in-depth interviews with parties involved in construction projects, such as PPK and Contractors. Data were processed using interview transcripts and analyzed with thematic analysis to identify emerging patterns or themes. The results of the study indicate that the procedures for implementing payments have been regulated in contracts and related regulations. Factors that cause late payment include poor communication, administrative negligence, empty regional treasury, and unclear regulations. The proposed solution is to conduct training for HR and hold daily or weekly meetings involving all related parties. This research is expected to contribute to increasing payment efficiency in construction projects. This study has limitations, namely the lack of quantitative data and local context, limited samples, focusing on internal factors.

Structural Improvement Planning of Road Pavement with Modified Porous Asphalt Mixture using AASHTO 1993

Arief Aszharri, Dimas Ariezky Susetyo, Nadra Mutiara Sari — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The new technology that is being developed is porous asphalt pavement structures, which are made for road segments with less dense traffic. This structure is designed to include facilities such as parking lots, bicycle lanes, pedestrian sidewalks, and tennis court areas. This study involves the analysis of calculation results based on secondary field data and experimental data from laboratory-scale experiments. The design of the road pavement is based on the AASHTO 1993 method. The field data used includes information on the LHR (Load History Record) of the Dawuan Highway (Cikampek) section, the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value of the subgrade, and the existing pavement conditions (including existing pavement structures and deflection data). Meanwhile, experimental data comes from testing the resilient modulus of porous asphalt mixtures using Cariphalte asphalt and additional gilsonite material with optimal levels. The resilient modulus value was obtained from laboratory testing using the Universal Material Testing Apparatus (UMATTA). The results of this study produced a pavement design using a gilsonite mixture that produced a thinner thickness than standard AC-WC materials. For example, for segment 3 with a modified mixture, the pavement thickness is 13 cm, while the standard AC-WC produces a thickness of 20 cm. It can be seen that using a modified Gilsonite mixture requires an overlay layer 7 cm thinner than using a standard AC-WC mixture.

Identifying and Analyzing Risks of Under Bid Price Contracts on Government Construction Projects in West Sumatra

Amy Rahmadian Puteri, Akhmad Suraji, Benny Hidayat — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the risks associated with under bid price contracts on construction projects in West Sumatra, a phenomenon that shows a significant increase from 7.28% in 2015 to 32% in 2020. This study is focused on the local context of West Sumatra, providing new insights into competitive dynamics and business practices that may be unique to this region, in contrast to previous studies that may be general or regional in nature. The research objective is to identify and analyze the risk factors that arise from this under bidding practice. Through a specially designed questionnaire survey distributed to 30 local contractors in West Sumatra, and data processing using the SIRISPRO application, this study quantified and identified three main risks: specification deviations and design changes, contract criticism, and price increases during execution. The results showed that contractors responded to these risks by conducting evaluation and inspection of specifications, correction of deviations, and evaluation of personnel and acceleration of work. The implication of these findings is the need to evaluate government project contract management policies, particularly related to bidding regulations and more comprehensive bid evaluation, to mitigate the risk of under bidding and ensure the sustainability of quality construction projects in West Sumatra.

Phenomenon Sediment Transport in The Channel to The Change Distance of Check Dam Series

Putri Permata Sari, Darwizal Daoed, Nurhamidah — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the flow and sedimentation patterns at a series of check dams on the Kuranji River. A physical model was built in the laboratory at a specific scale to simulate field conditions. The models were built using an approach to existing conditions with a dam height scale of 1:125 while the check dam spacing was 1:300 while the field condition spacing between check dams of scenario 1 (89.00 cm), scenario 2 (94.00 cm), scenario 3 (200 cm). All models were conducted in a 40 x 40 cm rectangular open channel in the laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University, Padang. Sediment material was used from the Kuranji Trunk. Furthermore, each experiment with variations in flow discharge was observed and measured the sediment distribution pattern before and after the check dam building. From the test results, it was found that the sediment balanced condition ranged from 10-19 minutes after the water came out of the dainhole. Sediment distribution patterns are influenced by two main factors, namely the distance between check dams and flow discharge. The use of too far a distance results in sediment having a greater chance of moving away downstream, on the other hand, with a close distance between check dams, the sediment distribution moves not too far. Discharge variations affect the scouring depth. The greater the flow discharge, the greater the energy to scour and carry the greater sediment.

Risk Analysis of Project Owners As Actors in the Procurement of Government Goods and Services in Construction Work

Arief Adrian, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the implementation of PBJP construction work, potential risks that can affect the achievement of PBJP goals, namely producing the right goods/services according to the budget, but this has still not been researched in the Agam Regency area. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the risks that can occur to Project Owners/Owners (PBJP) in the implementation of construction in the area. The risk identification method was carried out through a pilot survey of project owners as well as previous literature studies. Meanwhile, the risk assessment was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to PBJP actors, referring to the Australian/New Zealand Risk Management standard (AS 4360). Risks are grouped based on their risk levels at various stages, namely planning, procurement, selection, election implementation, and handover. The results of the risk assessment showed that there were no risks with extreme categories, but there were 10 risks with high categories, 53 risks with medium categories, and 1 risk with low categories. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of construction risk management policies and practices in the Agam Regency area, as well as provide new insights in research related to PBJP in other areas that have similar characteristics.

Evaluation Study of Risk Management Process in The Business Process National Road Implementation Center (BPJN) West Sumatra

Detia Enda Trivilla, Akhmad Suraji, Bayu Martanto Adji — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluates the effectiveness of risk management implementation in national road infrastructure projects managed by the National Road Implementation Agency (BPJN) of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Employing an evaluative method that integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches, this research assesses risk management practices based on the guidelines set by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The study utilizes document reviews, structured interviews, and perception surveys involving at least 10 respondents, including Risk Owners, Risk Managers, and officials from the Risk Management Unit (UPR) responsible for planning, financial management, and technical operations. Findings indicate that while BPJN West Sumatra has effectively implemented several risk management aspects, deficiencies persist in risk monitoring and response strategies. Notably, the study highlights the urgent need for a structured risk monitoring system, more proactive mitigation strategies, enhanced stakeholder communication, and the integration of information technology. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive evaluation framework for risk management effectiveness in infrastructure projects, offering practical recommendations to improve risk management capacity and support the successful execution of national road infrastructure projects in West Sumatra.

Lid Analysis using EPA SWMM 5.2 Application (Case Study: DPR Road Section, Padang City)

Silta Yulan Nifen, Afdal Saputra, Angelalia Roza — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Padang City has experienced rapid development in infrastructure, but the limited green open space presents a significant challenge to the city's drainage system, resulting in frequent flooding during the rainy season which has a negative impact on the economy, health, and safety of the community. This study aims to identify the intensity of rainfall, analyze the implementation of Low-Impact Development (LID) technology and without LID implementation using EPA SWMM 5.2 software in the DPR Street area, Dadok Tunggul Hitam Village, Padang City. The practical implications of the implementation of Low Impact Development (LID) for general city management are to reduce drainage loads by managing rainfall locally, improve water quality by reducing rainfall pollution, reduce flood risks by managing rainfall effectively, improve city aesthetics by creating green and beautiful open spaces, and reduce infrastructure costs by managing rainfall locally and reducing the need for large drainage systems. The main benefits of the research results for flood management policies in Padang City are to improve the quality of life of city residents by creating a healthier and more comfortable environment, increase city resilience to climate change and natural disasters, and improve resource management efficiency by managing rainfall locally. Using 10 years of rainfall data from BMKG and primary data related to drainage channel dimensions, hydrological and hydraulic analyses and drainage system simulations were carried out. The results of the study showed that the application of LID, such as Rainfall Garden, Rainfall Barrel, Bioretention Cell, Infiltration Trench, and Permeable Pavement, application of LID an area can reduce the depth of inundation by 57,717%, the volume of runoff by 74.247%, and the peak runoff by 68,069%. The implementation of LID in an area of 73.54 Ha has proven effective in reducing the risk of flooding, strengthening drainage infrastructure, and providing sustainable solutions in dealing with urbanization in Padang City.

Study of Technical Qualification Evaluation for Construction Work Tender on Under Bid Price Contract

Adel Emir Fuadi Harahap, Benny Hidayat, Akhmad Suraji — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Based on data from LPSE Padang City for the 2021 and 2022 fiscal years, it was found that one third of the work packages in those fiscal year had an Under Bid Price Contract (UBPC) or an offer with less than 80% of the Owner’s Estimate (OE). The purpose of this study is to examine the conformity between field implementation and technical qualification documents in construction work tenders with less than 80% OE or under bid price contracts in Padang City and its impact on small qualifications. Qualitative analysis based on the results of interviews with implementing contractors from several institutions or agencies involved in the procurement process of goods/services in Padang City was used in this study. This study only focuses on the technical qualifications of construction work tenders on under bid price contracts in Padang City using the tender method and the one-envelope method with a small category Construction Services Business License for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The results of the study show that qualification documents and contract documents with HPS of less than 80% in the implementation in the field are still appropriate. The results of interviews with seven contractors showed that the main equipment and managerial personnel used were also still appropriate. The profit target has been achieved by 4 out of 7 respondents (57.14%) and the remaining 3 out of 7 respondents did not get any profit, this is known from the end of the contract period. 3 out of 7 respondents (42.86%) have minor disabilities and 4 out of 7 respondents do not have minor disabilities. 7 respondents (100%) also did not experience delays in work. 3 out of 7 respondents experienced one contract addendum and the remaining 4 out of 7 experienced two contract addendums.

Cost Analysis of Construction Safety Management Systems: Compliance Assessment with Indonesian Safety Regulations

Ari Syaiful Syaiful Rahman, Faisal Ashar, Fitra Rifwan, Nevy Sandra — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Indonesian construction sector plays a vital role in national economic development, yet it continues to face significant occupational safety challenges. This study assesses the implementation of Construction Safety Management Systems by national safety regulations, with a focus on compliance within the XYZ construction project. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative budget analysis with qualitative field observations and interviews with safety officers. Findings indicate that while safety measures were implemented, budget allocations remained insufficient to meet regulatory requirements. Critical components, such as safety training and preventive risk control measures, were notably underfunded, reflecting gaps between policy mandates and their practical execution. The study highlights systemic challenges in safety budget planning, including inconsistent incorporation of regulatory standards and disproportionate allocation across safety components. These findings contribute to broader discussions on construction safety governance in emerging economies, emphasizing the need for improved compliance mechanisms and accountability frameworks. Practical recommendations include the adoption of risk-based budgeting approaches and enhanced oversight to ensure adequate safety investments. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to strengthen safety management practices in public construction projects.

The Effect of Elevation Differences on the Estimation of Plant Evapotranspiration in the Kuranji Watershed

Anastasia Catur Lestari, Darwizal Daoed, Nurhamidah, Junaidi — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study compares evapotranspiration (ETo) values obtained from direct field observations with estimates from empirical models at different elevation. The empirical models used are Modified Penman, Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves, and Radiation. This research was conducted in the Batang Kuranji Watershed, specifically in Pauh Subdistrict (174 m above sea level) and Nanggalo Subdistrict (18 m above sea level), from August 6th to August 31st, 2023. Daily temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation data, collected using Thermo-Pro devices and from relevant agencies, were used as input for the empirical models. Three field experiments were carried out in the form of: evaporation plots, evapotranspiration plots without infiltration influence, and evapotranspiration plots with infiltration influence. Furthermore, the observed ETo values in the field were 90.67 mm/month in Nanggalo and 90.00 mm/month in Pauh. The empirical models produced estimates comparable to field observations. Analysis of the coefficient of determination (R²) revealed that the Modified Penman empirical model was the most suitable with field experiments and showed a very strong relationship (R² = 0.96). The results of this study can be used as a basis for managing rice irrigation water and developing better ETo prediction models, especially in the Batang Kuranji Watershed. The authors identify areas needing further research to enable the model's use for calculating evaporation across an entire growing season.

Land Use Changes in Batang Suliti Watershed using ArcGIS

Robby Eldy Eka Putra, Junaidi, Andriani — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The ArcGIS application can process satellite imagery data into a land use map and calculate the area of each land use type. This study analyzes land use changes in the Batang Suliti watershed from 2013 to 2022 using ArcGIS. The study employs supervised classification and cloud masking techniques to enhance accuracy. The results indicate that forest area decreased by 4.47% with an annual change rate of 0.50%, followed by a 2.55% reduction in rice fields, while residential areas increased by 1.21%. These changes are mainly driven by population growth and agricultural expansion. The findings highlight the need for sustainable land use management policies to mitigate environmental degradation in the watershed.

Waste to Energy Utilization Technology Study in Padang City

Wendi Surdinal, Rizki Aziz, Vera Surtia Bachtiar, Muhammad Fadhli Ajis — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Solid waste management in Padang City is problematic due to the annual increase in waste generation, which leads to various environmental issues. This study aims to predict the most profitable waste-to-energy (WtE) treatment methods from technical and environmental perspectives that can alleviate these issues in Padang City. The study begins with analyzing solid waste generation, composition, and characteristics. Additionally, the amount of incoming waste for thermal planning is projected based on projected generation and population. The environmental implications were assessed using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. Various waste treatment methods' technical and environmental viability was evaluated, focusing on projected waste generation in 2031, estimated at 929 tons/day. The analysis of technical aspects revealed that thermal processing of mixed waste gasification is the most profitable option, requiring only 5,101 m² of land and capable of producing 188 GWh/year while achieving the lowest LCA Single Score of 5.82E+04 Conversely, anaerobic digesters and RDF processing generate 120 GWh and 47 GWh of electrical energy, respectively, with Single Score LCA of 4.25E+10 Pt and 7.74E+09 Pt. However, the environmental impact of WtE is the most significant, primarily due to its contribution to global warming. Global warming is predominantly attributed to carbon monoxide (CO) compounds, with carbon dioxide (CO₂) being the primary emission responsible for the observed increase in global temperature.

Bridge Condition Assessment (Case Study: Padang – Bukittinggi Route)

Amelia Masza, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure, ensuring smooth traffic flow and regional connectivity. However, their structural conditions are influenced by various factors, including traffic loads, material durability, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Despite existing bridge maintenance frameworks, a comprehensive condition assessment specifically tailored to the Padang-Bukittinggi route has not been thoroughly conducted. This study introduces a systematic evaluation using the Bridge Condition Rate (BCR) method to provide data-driven maintenance recommendations. A total of eight bridges along the Padang-Bukittinggi route were assessed through detailed and routine inspections, followed by cross-case analysis. The results indicate that 75% of the bridges (6 out of 8) require periodic maintenance (BCR=2), 12.5% (1 bridge) necessitates rehabilitation (BCR=3), and another 12.5% (1 bridge) demands immediate replacement (BCR=5) due to severe structural damage. These findings highlight the urgency of targeted maintenance strategies to enhance bridge longevity and operational safety. The study provides critical insights for policymakers and infrastructure authorities, emphasizing the need for proactive maintenance planning to ensure road network sustainability and public safety.

Perception of Elementary School Students on the Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) in High-Risk Tsunami Zones in Padang City

Affifa Syah Raudhatul Jannah, Eka Juliafad — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to understand students' perceptions of the Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) in tsunami-prone areas, focusing on SD Pertiwi 2 in Padang City. TEWS is crucial in disaster risk mitigation as it provides early warnings to reduce casualties during a tsunami. This research utilizes a quantitative descriptive approach, with a questionnaire distributed to 69 sixth-grade students. The findings reveal that 85.51% of students understand TEWS, 97% believe TEWS is essential for safety, yet only 63% are aware of a TEWS installation near their school. These results indicate a need for enhanced local education about TEWS, particularly by schools and relevant agencies.

Investigation of PM10 and PM2.5 in Ambient Air: Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Western Area of a Cement Plant

Apriandi. AD, Vera Surtia Bachtiar, Shinta Silvia — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the horizontal distribution of particulate matter concentrations (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) in ambient air within the vicinity of the cement factory, with consideration for variations in spatial and temporal. The measurements were conducted using the EPAM 5000 instrument, with a total of six sampling points at distances of 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 1.5 km, 2 km and 2.5 km, both during the day and at night, over a period of three days. Meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed were measured to analyses their influence on particulate matter distribution. The findings revealed that the highest PM₁₀ and PM_2,5 concentrations were measured at the location closest to the factory (B1) with values of 113.98 μg/m³ and 75.73 μg/m³ at night and 52.80 μg/m³ and 28.27 μg/m³ during the day. A clear pattern of decreasing concentrations of both types of particulates as the distance from the source increases is evident, with a significant decrease occurring at a distance of 0-0.5 km. The PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio at night (0.67) was higher than during the day (0.56), indicating a greater contribution of fine particulates at night. Meteorological conditions play an important role in the distribution of particulate matter, in particular changes in wind direction and wind speed at night contribute to differences in the concentration and distribution of particulate matter. The results of this study indicate an increased risk of exposure to particulate matter in areas near factories, especially at night, which can be a basis for consideration in the preparation of air pollution control policies and efforts to safeguard public health.

Public Knowledge of Simple Earthquake-Resistant Houses after the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake

Rezi Aulia Febriani, Taufika Ophiyandri, Benny Hidayat — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The 2022 Pasaman earthquake caused significant infrastructure damage, including widespread housing losses. To mitigate future risks, constructing earthquake-resistant homes is crucial. While previous studies by Hariyanto in 2020 examined public awareness of such structures, they did not analyze behavioral changes after major disasters. This study addresses that gap by assessing how the earthquake influenced attitudes and construction practices in Nagari Kajai and Nagari Malampah. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via a structured questionnaire, adapted from the 2021 BSPS Home Building Construction Guidebook. The survey covered five aspects: building materials, main structure, structural connections, construction quality, and post-earthquake behavioral changes. Accidental sampling was used, with 60 respondents from the two affected areas. Findings show that 60% of respondents have fair knowledge of earthquake-resistant housing, while 20% demonstrate good knowledge and 20% have poor knowledge. Pearson Correlation analysis indicates a weak but significant relationship between knowledge levels and gender (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.034), while education and occupation showed no significant correlation (p = 0.168 and p = 0.141). Post-earthquake, a shift toward semi-permanent housing structures was observed, highlighting the need for standardized, affordable building regulations. Policymakers should collaborate with local builders to ensure effective knowledge transfer on earthquake-resistant construction. Future reconstruction efforts should integrate post-earthquake evaluations to assess long-term housing resilience.

Retaining Wall Design in Addressing the Waterlogging Problem in Tambaklorok

Melinda Dwi Rahmawati, Ahmad Rifa'i, Fajar Dwi Satriaji — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

North Semarang is a densely populated area. Several villages are located not only on the North Coast of Java but also at the mouth of the Semarang River, and these villages are often hit by inundation floods. One of the causes of flooding in Tambak Lorok, Semarang is land subsidence and high tide or ROB. To handle the inundation that occurs, a study of the calculation of the retaining wall structure to hold back the inundation so that it does not enter the Old GIS Switchyard of Tambak Lorok Substation Semarang. The retaining wall planned with a total height of 1.8 m and a bottom width of 0.85 m is stable to the bearing capacity of the soil and safe against overturning and sliding. The bearing capacity of 18 drill pile foundation points with a diameter of 40 cm at a depth of 14 meters is sufficient to withstand the retaining wall and the load above it (350,424 tons > 264,384 tons).

Implementation of Fast Track Method in Bore Pile Foundation Construction for Regional General Hospital Development Projects

Doni Setiawan, Lily Kholida, Prihadmadi Anggoro Seno — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In a project, running work will require a good planning, scheduling and control, and are influenced by factors such as good resources, material availability, equipment availability, and performance. Natural conditions and other factors affect project progress and can also be the cause of delays in project completion, resulting in the planned time to exceed the previous specified time. With the implementation of the Fast Track method on Bore Pile's work, it can be seen how quickly it will take for the work to be continued and the development project of the Regional Hospital to be completed. This research will focus on the analysis of time and cost acceleration in order to determine the comparison of time obtained with the scheduling start time and also on the analysis of cost outcomes required for acceleration, It is also a matter of consideration for contractors and for project owners and can also be a medium of learning especially in construction management. From the analysis of this study, the result was that the time obtained from the acceleration of activities was 20 days from the initial duration of 110 days to 90 days with the required cost of Rp 9,466,975,861.54, and the cost difference between normal cost and Fast Track method was Rp 238,218,404,57.

Inhibiting Factors of the Acceleration of Irrigation Water Use Improvement Program

Nadia Permata, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Inhibiting Factors of the Acceleration of Irrigation Water Use Improvement Program (P3-TGAI) is a program for rehabilitation, improvement, or construction of irrigation networks based on the participation of farming communities which is carried out in a self-managed or non-contractual manner follow-up to the Ministry of PUPR Directorate General of Water Resources. Based on the evaluation results from Pambudi & Pramujo in 2023, the implementation of P3-TGAI activities at the basic level still encounters various problems, although in general many successes have been achieved. These problems are seen from the aspects of funding transparency, institutional readiness in the field, late determination of target locations, and less than optimal socialization at the farm level. These problems will hamper the aims, objectives, and goals of P3-TGAI activities. In order for the future implementation of this activity to run smoothly, research was conducted to find out what are the inhibiting factors that have the potential to hinder the success of this inhibiting activity in the preparation stage, planning stage, and implementation stage. The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method with a questionnaire instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to assistants. From the results of the study, it was found that there were 15 inhibiting factors with a very high influence on the implementation of P3-TGAI activities. 60% of them came from the preparation stage, 27% came from the implementation stage, and the rest (13.3%) came from the planning stage. Of all the inhibiting factors with a very high influence, there is one inhibiting factor with the highest score, namely communication with the community is not good. The solution to poor communication with the community is that the assistants build good emotional relationships with the community, ТPM must often go to the field, and assistants mingle with the community. In terms of general project objectives, inhibiting factors that hinder timeliness are lack of community participation and poor communication and coordination by the community. The inhibiting factors that hinder quality accuracy are the lack of knowledge and experience of the assistants and the lack of socialization to the village community. And the inhibiting factor that hinders cost accuracy is that the community is manipulated by other parties.

Strategy Development of Perumda Air Minum Performance Improvement using Combination of Balance Scorecard, SWOT and QSPM Methods

Zilvia Wulandari, Shinta Indah, Denny Helard — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The provision of drinking water is one of the basic needs and socio-economic rights of the community that must be fulfilled by the Government, both the Regional Government and the Central Government. Increasing access to drinking water is closely related to improving the performance of Perumda as a business unit providing drinking water. Perumda Air Minum Tirta Alami Tanah Datar Regency is the only BUMD that provides drinking water in Tanah Datar Regency. As a company that organizes the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM), Perumda Air Minum is required to be able to provide the best possible service in providing clean water to the community. The performance evaluation study of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Alami Tanah Datar Regency was carried out in general through some stages; data inventory, performance evaluation and determination of performance status. The performance assessment uses four aspects, namely service, operational, human resources and financial aspects for the period of 2023. From the results of the evaluation of the four aspects, the performance of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Alami Tanah Datar Regency showed a quite good performance, with a total indicator value of all aspects of 3.10. This shows that the company can be categorized as healthy because it has a total value of more than 2.8. Based on this study, it is expected that the company can strive to improve performance on indicators that still obtain values that do not meet the predetermined standards.

Analysis of PM1 Concentration on Primary Arterial Roads in Padang City and Correlation with Meteorological Conditions and Traffic Characteristics

Ramadhanil, Vera Surtia Bachtiar, Rizki Aziz — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze PM₁ concentration and the correlation of PM₁ concentration with meteorological conditions and traffic characteristics on Padang City Primary Arterial Roads. The research location is perpendicular to Padang City Bypass II Road which is 5m from the roadside. PM₁ measurements were carried out using an EPAM 5000 real-time particulate air monitor. Measurements were made during morning rush hour (06.30-08.30 WIB), midday off-peak hours (11.00-13.00 WIB), and evening rush hour (16.00-18.00 WIB). The results showed that the average PM₁ concentration and standard deviation in the morning, midday, and evening were 17.48(3.05) μg/m³, 22.87(2.76) μg/m³, and 34.60(7.68) μg/m³ respectively with the highest concentration obtained in the evening reaching 42.63 μg/m³ and the lowest concentration in the morning 12.83 μg/m³. The results of the correlation between PM₁ concentrations and meteorological conditions have a reasonably strong to very strong correlation. PM₁ concentrations are directly proportional to temperature and wind speed and inversely proportional to humidity. The correlation results of PM₁ concentrations to traffic characteristics are directly proportional, such as traffic volume, vehicle speed, and traffic density have a reasonably strong to very strong correlation. These results indicate meteorological factors and traffic characteristics as the main contributors to road air pollution. The recommendation from this study is to optimize air quality monitoring and traffic management.

Evaluation of Landslide Disaster Management in Sawahlunto

Diana Dwi Syafira, Taufika Ophiyandri, Benny Hidayat — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sawahlunto City had a high level of landslide vulnerability due to its hilly topography with steep slopes and clay-dominated sedimentary geological conditions. These characteristics made the area highly susceptible to prolonged heavy rainfall, which acted as the main trigger for landslides. In response, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Sawahlunto implemented disaster management efforts in the pre-disaster, during-disaster, and post-disaster phases. To evaluate the effectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses of these efforts, an evaluation was conducted along with the formulation of alternative strategies for landslide disaster risk reduction. This study employed a qualitative approach, based on interviews with 26 respondents, including relevant agency representatives and affected community members. A SWOT analysis was used to evaluate disaster management activities by identifying internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes based on similarities in the respondents’ statements. The results indicated several strengths, including disaster education programs, the Sitaruna Darling initiative, hazard warning signs, risk assessment documents, community forums, and inter-agency collaboration. Weaknesses included limited structural mitigation, poor drainage management, unregulated development, uneven distribution of disaster education, gaps in the formation of Disaster Resilient Villages, damaged early warning systems, and limited financial and human resources of BPBD. Opportunities involved community interest in disaster education, village fund allocation, technological utilization, a strong local cooperation culture, and potential support from BNPB and local parliament programs Major threats included prolonged high-intensity rainfall, unstable topographic and geological conditions prone to landslides, and low public understanding of landslide disaster risks. The recommended strategies involved enhancing inter-agency synergy, optimizing structural mitigation, strengthening regulations, ensuring equal access to disaster education, developing Sitaruna Darling innovations, improving early warning systems, and utilizing BNPB grants for recovery efforts.

Utilization of PET Plastic Waste in Concrete Asphalt Mixture (AC-BC) to Improve the Stability and Sustainability of Road Infrastructure

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Plastic waste, especially Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), is one of the biggest environmental issues in Kediri City, with a volume of 140 tons per month. This research aims to utilize PET plastic waste as an additional material in the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) mixture. The study was conducted using an experimental method with variations in PET levels of 0%, 6%, 8%, and 14% of the total weight of the mixture. The test was carried out using Marshall standards to evaluate performance parameters such as stability, flow, VIM (Void in Mix), VMA (Void in Mineral Aggregate), and VFB (Void Filled with Bitumen). The results showed that the addition of PET to 6% increased the stability of the mixture to 6300 kg, higher than the mixture without PET (6200 kg). The flow value increased with the addition of PET, reaching 3.8 mm at a rate of 14%. In addition, VMA and VIM tend to decrease, indicating an increase in the density of the mixture, while VFB achieves an optimal value at a PET level of 6%. This study concluded that PET waste can be used effectively to improve the performance of AC-BC mixtures, with an optimal level of 6%. The utilization of PET plastic waste not only improves the performance of road infrastructure but also contributes to the reduction of plastic waste, thus supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable construction solutions.

Assessing the Correlation between Camera Angle and the Accuracy of Elevation Measurements Derived from UAV-Photogrammetry

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Elevation measurement is essential for various applications, including construction engineering, monitoring land subsidence, maintaining infrastructure, etc. A conventional method for elevation measurement involves terrestrial surveying using a Total Station instrument. However, this method can be time-consuming and requires a considerable number of personnel. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry method offers a more efficient solution for determining elevation. This method utilizes UAVs equipped with camera sensors to capture aerial photos. In this research, aerial photos were taken using three different camera angle configurations: nadir (90°), oblique (65°), and oblique (45°). The elevation points derived from the UAV photogrammetry data were compared with the elevation measured by the Total Station. The analysis showed that the nadir (90°) camera angle configuration had the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) at 0.0471 meters, followed by the oblique (65°) configuration with RMSE of 0.0508 meters, and the obliqu (45°) configuration with RMSE of 0.1399 meters. According to the t-test, the elevations derived using the UAV photogrammetry method were not significantly different from the elevations measured with the Total Station.

Flood Modeling of the Batang Sungai Lengayang Area with Hec-Ras Program

Zaidina Resvita islami, Yaumal Arbi — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Floods are disasters that disrupt human life caused by human and natural factors. Natural conditions that affect flooding in West Sumatra are rainfall patterns in water areas, sea surface temperature patterns, and whirlpool patterns in the Indian Ocean. Batang Lengayang is a river that is prone to flooding. Floods in the Batang Lengayang river occur every year, especially during the rainy season. According to the Central Statistics Agency of Pesisir Selatan Regency, in Lengayang District, floods were recorded 5 times throughout 2020, 8 times in 2021, and 10 times in 2022. Meanwhile, in 2024, there was also a flash flood on March 7 which was caused by very high rainfall intensity and on a long time scale. This study aims to determine the flood discharge of the Batang Lengayang river with a return period of 50 and 100 years. Furthermore, this study also aims to model the Batang Lengayang river flood using HEC RAS. And to determine the area of flood inundation of the Batang Lengayang river for a return period of 50 and 100 years. The results of the study showed that the 50-year return period produced a maximum flood discharge of 399 m³/second and the 100-year return period produced a maximum flood discharge of 444.46 m³/second. The modeling results showed that the flood area increased with the addition of the return period. The flood area obtained was 376 ha or 3.7 km² for the 50-year return period and 412 ha or 4.12 km² for the 100-year return period.

Analysis of Contractor's Construction Claim Submission

lilis novitasari, Micky Fetriani, Monika Natalia — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Construction projects are basically bound by a contract document. The document regulates the duration of the project, the scope of the project and the specifications of the project as well as the rights and obligations of each party between the contractor and the owner. With this contract, it is expected that the construction project can run smoothly and on time. However, claims are still often submitted in the construction process. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the factors causing claims made by the contractor to the owner. Using a quantitative descriptive approach method, the results showed that the factors that dominate the submission of contractor claims are the owner's delay in approving shop drawings with an Importance Index of 0.871. There were design changes made by the owner with an Importance Index of 0.842. The occurrence of high rainfall intensity with an Importance Index of 0.751. The requested material is not available in the city but must be indented with an Importance Index of 0.743. There is additional work outside the contract specified by the Importance Index of 0.729.