CIVED

Comparative Analysis of Crawler Crane Productivity in Girder Erection: A Theoretical Study and Direct Observation

Massayu Sekar Bawana — 2025-03-27

Every construction project, in general, has a specific and systematic method implementation program, such as the utilization of heavy equipment in girder erection work. This focus is selected based on the high technical complexity of girder erection work, so the productivity of heavy equipment greatly affects the work's success. The aim is to analyze the suitability between theoretical calculation of crawler crane productivity and direct observations in girder erection work and identify the factors that cause the productivity difference. This study combines the theoretical calculations and direct observations to evaluate the productivity of crawler cranes in girder erection work. Based on theory, the method of calculating crane productivity is done by analyzing the operating cycle time and productivity of crawler cranes. With the direct observations method, actual data is taken in the field, which is then calculated as the result of its productivity. From the results of this study, it is found that the results of crawler crane productivity in direct observation in the field have a higher productivity value compared to the productivity value in theoretical calculations, namely 1.51 units/hour, while in theoretical calculations, the productivity value is 1.060 units/hour. The difference in value is caused by several factors in the field, such as weather conditions, operational obstacles, and the operator's efficiency.

Analysis of Fulfillment Security, Safety, Health, and Sustainability (K4) Standards Building Construction in Padang City

Irvan Guswandi — 2025-03-28

Construction services play a crucial role in national development, and providing Safety, Health, and Sustainability (K4) standards is an important aspect in its implementation. This study aims to channel the level of provision of K4 standards in building construction in Padang City from the perspective of stakeholders (Project Owners, Supervising Consultants, and Contractors), and identify areas that need improvement. This research method uses a qualitative approach with semi-structured interview techniques. Interviews were conducted in depth with representatives from each stakeholder to explore information on the understanding, implementation, and challenges related to K4 standards. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively by identifying themes that emerged from the interviews and comparing them with the applicable K4 standards. The results of the study indicate that the level of provision of K4 standards in building construction in Padang City is not yet optimal. Of the eight criteria containing K4 standards, there are three standards that have been 100% met (material quality standards, quality standards for the results of construction service implementation, and social protection guidelines for workers). However, there are five standards that still need to be improved, namely equipment quality standards (87.50%), occupational health and safety standards (84.37%), construction service implementation procedure standards (97.22%), operational and maintenance standards (66.67%), and environmental management standards (91.20%). The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the stakeholder perspective in evaluating K4 standards. Previous studies tend to view K4 standards from only one perspective, so this study provides a more comprehensive picture. In addition, this study also specifically identifies areas that need to be improved, so that they can be the basis for implementing more effective construction policies. The practical implications of this study are recommendations for more comprehensive construction policies to improve the provision of K4 standards. Local governments and construction associations can use the results of this study to develop more effective training, socialization, and supervision programs. In addition, this study can also be a reference for construction actors to increase awareness and compliance with K4 standards.

Evaluation of Development Projects on Special Allocation Funds Sources for the Pariaman City Self-Help Housing Program

Rhama Budi Setia — 2025-03-28

This study evaluates the success rate of the program (target accuracy, satisfaction, and community self-reliance) of the special allocation fund (DAK) self-help housing assistance in Pariaman City, a coastal area with a majority of low-income residents and many uninhabitable houses. This program is part of the government's efforts to overcome poverty and deal with slum areas, as stipulated in the Minister of PUPR Regulation No. 7 of 2022. Previous studies may have only focused on one or two dimensions. This study uses a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale to measure target accuracy, satisfaction, and community self-reliance. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with beneficiaries and related parties to understand their context and experiences related to the program. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using thematic analysis. The results showed that the program was right on target (more than 80% of respondents gave the highest score), the level of satisfaction was high (more than 70% of respondents gave a score of 4 or 5), and community participation was very good (84.29% of beneficiaries were involved in house construction on average). These findings provide strong empirical evidence of the success of the DAK self-help housing assistance program in Pariaman City. The local government can use the results of this study to strengthen the DAK self-help housing assistance program, for example by increasing budget allocation or expanding the reach of the program.

Phenomenon of Sediment Distribution Patterns in Bends Due to Changes in Check Dam Layout

Nurul Kurniasari — 2025-03-28

Indonesia has high rainfall, which often causes flooding. Large volumes of rainwater cause sediment in river channels to move from upstream to downstream. The shape of rivers in Indonesia tends to bend, so the researcher conducted a study of the turning channel using a check dam structure with three placement conditions, namely before the bend, in the middle of the bend, and after the bend. This research was conducted at the Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Padang. This study aims to determine the impact of sediment on erosion caused by the placement of check dams on river bends and to determine the distribution of sediment due to changes in the position of Check Dam buildings on river bends. A 12.8 m long channel, made of 5 mm acrylic, with a cross section of 0.4 m x 0.4 m and a bend angle of 120o, was used in the experiment. Researchers measured flood discharge and sediment distribution for each of the three check dam positions. The study showed that the sediment distribution varied significantly depending on the location of the check dam. The researchers observed that the most balanced sediment distribution, with relatively equal deposition on the inner and outer sides of the bend, occurred when the check dam was placed after the bend. Based on these findings, they recommend placing check dams after bends in meandering rivers to minimize erosion and promote a more balanced sediment distribution.

Risk Control of Work Accidents in the Overpass Steel Box Girder Erection Work Process with JSA and HIRADC Methods

Muhammad Yoris Saeful Siesmax — 2025-03-28

The construction of bridges, flyovers, overpasses, and other types of crossing structures is increasing along with the increasing volume of traffic. One important aspect of this development is the Girder Erection process, which is highly risky because heavy equipment and materials are in direct contact with workers. This study aims to analyze the risk of work at each stage of the construction of the Steel Box Girder Overpass Balaraja Barat B Tangerang City using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control (HIRADC) methods. This analysis covers each stage of work, starting from preparation, crawler crane setup, Steel Box Girder assembly, and Erection. The results showed 5 jobs with low-risk levels, 6 jobs with high-risk levels, and 7 jobs with very high-risk levels. In the research findings, the factor that causes the dominance of high and very high-risk levels is due to the impact of the risks that arise many of which have a very fatal impact so that they can cause large material losses and can cause casualties. Therefore, the determination of risk control is carried out to reduce the risk level to a lower level. After controlling, the risk level results are 11 jobs with low-risk levels, 6 jobs with moderate risk levels, and 1 job with high risk.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Payments for Building Construction Projects using APBD Funds According to Contract Law

Agil Resfani Mardhiyah — 2025-03-28

Late payment is a common problem that often occurs in construction projects and can hinder project completion. Previous studies have stated that factors that influence late payment include the financial condition of the project owner and poor business management as well as delays in payment by the project owner and others. Previous studies only discussed the factors that cause late payment. This study aims to identify factors that influence late payment and find solutions to overcome them. The research method used is qualitative with in-depth interviews with parties involved in construction projects, such as PPK and Contractors. Data were processed using interview transcripts and analyzed with thematic analysis to identify emerging patterns or themes. The results of the study indicate that the procedures for implementing payments have been regulated in contracts and related regulations. Factors that cause late payment include poor communication, administrative negligence, empty regional treasury, and unclear regulations. The proposed solution is to conduct training for HR and hold daily or weekly meetings involving all related parties. This research is expected to contribute to increasing payment efficiency in construction projects. This study has limitations, namely the lack of quantitative data and local context, limited samples, focusing on internal factors.

Structural Improvement Planning of Road Pavement with Modified Porous Asphalt Mixture using AASHTO 1993

Arief Aszharri — 2025-03-28

The new technology that is being developed is porous asphalt pavement structures, which are made for road segments with less dense traffic. This structure is designed to include facilities such as parking lots, bicycle lanes, pedestrian sidewalks, and tennis court areas. This study involves the analysis of calculation results based on secondary field data and experimental data from laboratory-scale experiments. The design of the road pavement is based on the AASHTO 1993 method. The field data used includes information on the LHR (Load History Record) of the Dawuan Highway (Cikampek) section, the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value of the subgrade, and the existing pavement conditions (including existing pavement structures and deflection data). Meanwhile, experimental data comes from testing the resilient modulus of porous asphalt mixtures using Cariphalte asphalt and additional gilsonite material with optimal levels. The resilient modulus value was obtained from laboratory testing using the Universal Material Testing Apparatus (UMATTA). The results of this study produced a pavement design using a gilsonite mixture that produced a thinner thickness than standard AC-WC materials. For example, for segment 3 with a modified mixture, the pavement thickness is 13 cm, while the standard AC-WC produces a thickness of 20 cm. It can be seen that using a modified Gilsonite mixture requires an overlay layer 7 cm thinner than using a standard AC-WC mixture.

Identifying and Analyzing Risks of Under Bid Price Contracts on Government Construction Projects in West Sumatra

Amy Rahmadian Puteri — 2025-03-28

This study analyzes the risks associated with under bid price contracts on construction projects in West Sumatra, a phenomenon that shows a significant increase from 7.28% in 2015 to 32% in 2020. This study is focused on the local context of West Sumatra, providing new insights into competitive dynamics and business practices that may be unique to this region, in contrast to previous studies that may be general or regional in nature. The research objective is to identify and analyze the risk factors that arise from this under bidding practice. Through a specially designed questionnaire survey distributed to 30 local contractors in West Sumatra, and data processing using the SIRISPRO application, this study quantified and identified three main risks: specification deviations and design changes, contract criticism, and price increases during execution. The results showed that contractors responded to these risks by conducting evaluation and inspection of specifications, correction of deviations, and evaluation of personnel and acceleration of work. The implication of these findings is the need to evaluate government project contract management policies, particularly related to bidding regulations and more comprehensive bid evaluation, to mitigate the risk of under bidding and ensure the sustainability of quality construction projects in West Sumatra.

Phenomenon Sediment Transport in The Channel to The Change Distance of Check Dam Series

Putri Permata Sari — 2025-03-28

This study investigated the flow and sedimentation patterns at a series of check dams on the Kuranji River. A physical model was built in the laboratory at a specific scale to simulate field conditions. The models were built using an approach to existing conditions with a dam height scale of 1:125 while the check dam spacing was 1:300 while the field condition spacing between check dams of scenario 1 (89.00 cm), scenario 2 (94.00 cm), scenario 3 (200 cm). All models were conducted in a 40 x 40 cm rectangular open channel in the laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University, Padang. Sediment material was used from the Kuranji Trunk. Furthermore, each experiment with variations in flow discharge was observed and measured the sediment distribution pattern before and after the check dam building. From the test results, it was found that the sediment balanced condition ranged from 10-19 minutes after the water came out of the dainhole. Sediment distribution patterns are influenced by two main factors, namely the distance between check dams and flow discharge. The use of too far a distance results in sediment having a greater chance of moving away downstream, on the other hand, with a close distance between check dams, the sediment distribution moves not too far. Discharge variations affect the scouring depth. The greater the flow discharge, the greater the energy to scour and carry the greater sediment.

Risk Analysis of Project Owners As Actors in the Procurement of Government Goods and Services in Construction Work

Arief Adrian — 2025-03-31

In the implementation of PBJP construction work, potential risks that can affect the achievement of PBJP goals, namely producing the right goods/services according to the budget, but this has still not been researched in the Agam Regency area. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the risks that can occur to Project Owners/Owners (PBJP) in the implementation of construction in the area. The risk identification method was carried out through a pilot survey of project owners as well as previous literature studies. Meanwhile, the risk assessment was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to PBJP actors, referring to the Australian/New Zealand Risk Management standard (AS 4360). Risks are grouped based on their risk levels at various stages, namely planning, procurement, selection, election implementation, and handover. The results of the risk assessment showed that there were no risks with extreme categories, but there were 10 risks with high categories, 53 risks with medium categories, and 1 risk with low categories. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of construction risk management policies and practices in the Agam Regency area, as well as provide new insights in research related to PBJP in other areas that have similar characteristics.

Evaluation Study of Risk Management Process in The Business Process National Road Implementation Center (BPJN) West Sumatra

Detia Enda Trivilla — 2025-03-31

This study evaluates the effectiveness of risk management implementation in national road infrastructure projects managed by the National Road Implementation Agency (BPJN) of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Employing an evaluative method that integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches, this research assesses risk management practices based on the guidelines set by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The study utilizes document reviews, structured interviews, and perception surveys involving at least 10 respondents, including Risk Owners, Risk Managers, and officials from the Risk Management Unit (UPR) responsible for planning, financial management, and technical operations. Findings indicate that while BPJN West Sumatra has effectively implemented several risk management aspects, deficiencies persist in risk monitoring and response strategies. Notably, the study highlights the urgent need for a structured risk monitoring system, more proactive mitigation strategies, enhanced stakeholder communication, and the integration of information technology. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive evaluation framework for risk management effectiveness in infrastructure projects, offering practical recommendations to improve risk management capacity and support the successful execution of national road infrastructure projects in West Sumatra.

Lid Analysis using EPA SWMM 5.2 Application (Case Study: DPR Road Section, Padang City)

Silta Yulan Nifen — 2025-03-31

Padang City has experienced rapid development in infrastructure, but the limited green open space presents a significant challenge to the city's drainage system, resulting in frequent flooding during the rainy season which has a negative impact on the economy, health, and safety of the community. This study aims to identify the intensity of rainfall, analyze the implementation of Low-Impact Development (LID) technology and without LID implementation using EPA SWMM 5.2 software in the DPR Street area, Dadok Tunggul Hitam Village, Padang City. The practical implications of the implementation of Low Impact Development (LID) for general city management are to reduce drainage loads by managing rainfall locally, improve water quality by reducing rainfall pollution, reduce flood risks by managing rainfall effectively, improve city aesthetics by creating green and beautiful open spaces, and reduce infrastructure costs by managing rainfall locally and reducing the need for large drainage systems. The main benefits of the research results for flood management policies in Padang City are to improve the quality of life of city residents by creating a healthier and more comfortable environment, increase city resilience to climate change and natural disasters, and improve resource management efficiency by managing rainfall locally. Using 10 years of rainfall data from BMKG and primary data related to drainage channel dimensions, hydrological and hydraulic analyses and drainage system simulations were carried out. The results of the study showed that the application of LID, such as Rainfall Garden, Rainfall Barrel, Bioretention Cell, Infiltration Trench, and Permeable Pavement, application of LID an area can reduce the depth of inundation by 57,717%, the volume of runoff by 74.247%, and the peak runoff by 68,069%. The implementation of LID in an area of 73.54 Ha has proven effective in reducing the risk of flooding, strengthening drainage infrastructure, and providing sustainable solutions in dealing with urbanization in Padang City.

Study of Technical Qualification Evaluation for Construction Work Tender on Under Bid Price Contract

Adel Emir Fuadi Harahap — 2025-03-31

Based on data from LPSE Padang City for the 2021 and 2022 fiscal years, it was found that one third of the work packages in those fiscal year had an Under Bid Price Contract (UBPC) or an offer with less than 80% of the Owner’s Estimate (OE). The purpose of this study is to examine the conformity between field implementation and technical qualification documents in construction work tenders with less than 80% OE or under bid price contracts in Padang City and its impact on small qualifications. Qualitative analysis based on the results of interviews with implementing contractors from several institutions or agencies involved in the procurement process of goods/services in Padang City was used in this study. This study only focuses on the technical qualifications of construction work tenders on under bid price contracts in Padang City using the tender method and the one-envelope method with a small category Construction Services Business License for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The results of the study show that qualification documents and contract documents with HPS of less than 80% in the implementation in the field are still appropriate. The results of interviews with seven contractors showed that the main equipment and managerial personnel used were also still appropriate. The profit target has been achieved by 4 out of 7 respondents (57.14%) and the remaining 3 out of 7 respondents did not get any profit, this is known from the end of the contract period. 3 out of 7 respondents (42.86%) have minor disabilities and 4 out of 7 respondents do not have minor disabilities. 7 respondents (100%) also did not experience delays in work. 3 out of 7 respondents experienced one contract addendum and the remaining 4 out of 7 experienced two contract addendums.

Cost Analysis of Construction Safety Management Systems: Compliance Assessment with Indonesian Safety Regulations

Ari Syaiful Syaiful Rahman — 2025-03-31

The Indonesian construction sector plays a vital role in national economic development, yet it continues to face significant occupational safety challenges. This study assesses the implementation of Construction Safety Management Systems by national safety regulations, with a focus on compliance within the XYZ construction project. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative budget analysis with qualitative field observations and interviews with safety officers. Findings indicate that while safety measures were implemented, budget allocations remained insufficient to meet regulatory requirements. Critical components, such as safety training and preventive risk control measures, were notably underfunded, reflecting gaps between policy mandates and their practical execution. The study highlights systemic challenges in safety budget planning, including inconsistent incorporation of regulatory standards and disproportionate allocation across safety components. These findings contribute to broader discussions on construction safety governance in emerging economies, emphasizing the need for improved compliance mechanisms and accountability frameworks. Practical recommendations include the adoption of risk-based budgeting approaches and enhanced oversight to ensure adequate safety investments. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to strengthen safety management practices in public construction projects.

The Effect of Elevation Differences on the Estimation of Plant Evapotranspiration in the Kuranji Watershed

Anastasia Catur Lestari — 2025-03-31

This study compares evapotranspiration (ETo) values obtained from direct field observations with estimates from empirical models at different elevation. The empirical models used are Modified Penman, Penman-Monteith, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves, and Radiation. This research was conducted in the Batang Kuranji Watershed, specifically in Pauh Subdistrict (174 m above sea level) and Nanggalo Subdistrict (18 m above sea level), from August 6th to August 31st, 2023. Daily temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation data, collected using Thermo-Pro devices and from relevant agencies, were used as input for the empirical models. Three field experiments were carried out in the form of: evaporation plots, evapotranspiration plots without infiltration influence, and evapotranspiration plots with infiltration influence. Furthermore, the observed ETo values in the field were 90.67 mm/month in Nanggalo and 90.00 mm/month in Pauh. The empirical models produced estimates comparable to field observations. Analysis of the coefficient of determination (R²) revealed that the Modified Penman empirical model was the most suitable with field experiments and showed a very strong relationship (R² = 0.96). The results of this study can be used as a basis for managing rice irrigation water and developing better ETo prediction models, especially in the Batang Kuranji Watershed. The authors identify areas needing further research to enable the model's use for calculating evaporation across an entire growing season.

Land Use Changes in Batang Suliti Watershed using ArcGIS

Robby Eldy Eka Putra — 2025-03-31

The ArcGIS application can process satellite imagery data into a land use map and calculate the area of each land use type. This study analyzes land use changes in the Batang Suliti watershed from 2013 to 2022 using ArcGIS. The study employs supervised classification and cloud masking techniques to enhance accuracy. The results indicate that forest area decreased by 4.47% with an annual change rate of 0.50%, followed by a 2.55% reduction in rice fields, while residential areas increased by 1.21%. These changes are mainly driven by population growth and agricultural expansion. The findings highlight the need for sustainable land use management policies to mitigate environmental degradation in the watershed.

Waste to Energy Utilization Technology Study in Padang City

Wendi Surdinal — 2025-03-31

Solid waste management in Padang City is problematic due to the annual increase in waste generation, which leads to various environmental issues. This study aims to predict the most profitable waste-to-energy (WtE) treatment methods from technical and environmental perspectives that can alleviate these issues in Padang City. The study begins with analyzing solid waste generation, composition, and characteristics. Additionally, the amount of incoming waste for thermal planning is projected based on projected generation and population. The environmental implications were assessed using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. Various waste treatment methods' technical and environmental viability was evaluated, focusing on projected waste generation in 2031, estimated at 929 tons/day. The analysis of technical aspects revealed that thermal processing of mixed waste gasification is the most profitable option, requiring only 5,101 m² of land and capable of producing 188 GWh/year while achieving the lowest LCA Single Score of 5.82E+04 Conversely, anaerobic digesters and RDF processing generate 120 GWh and 47 GWh of electrical energy, respectively, with Single Score LCA of 4.25E+10 Pt and 7.74E+09 Pt. However, the environmental impact of WtE is the most significant, primarily due to its contribution to global warming. Global warming is predominantly attributed to carbon monoxide (CO) compounds, with carbon dioxide (CO₂) being the primary emission responsible for the observed increase in global temperature.