CIVED (Journal of Civil Engineering and Vocational Education)
Stabilization of Clay Soil in Relation to CBR Value using Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) in Flood-Prone Areas
Oil is a crucial element in supporting the structural integrity of buildings. However, the rapid development of infrastructure has led to a reduction in the availability of land with favorable soil conditions, forcing many constructions to be built on less stable soils. The clay soil in Tunggul Hitam, Padang City, has a low bearing capacity, exhibits high shrink-swell behavior, and loses stiffness when wet, which may result in damage to roads and foundation structures. To address this issue, chemical stabilization was carried out using palm shell ash as an additive. This research aims to analyze the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of clay soil in the Tunggul Hitam area of Padang City by incorporating palm shell ash in varying proportions of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16%. The soil types used in this study were Organic Clayey Silt and Silty Clay (OL). The tests included determining the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, such as sieve analysis, specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, and CBR value. The CBR tests were conducted after soaking the samples for four days. The results showed that the CBR value of the untreated soil (soaked, 65 blows) was 6.1%, which increased to 31.512% at a 16% mixture ratio. This 25% improvement in CBR value indicates that palm shell ash is effective as a stabilizing agent for enhancing the engineering properties of clay soil in the study area
Copyright (c) 2025 Akbar Kurnia, Fithriyah Patriotika, Rizka Joniva Sari, Majid Maulana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Level of Road Service on the Srijaya NegaraBukit Besar Road Section, Palembang
The availability of adequate road capacity is an important factor in supporting the smooth mobility of people in urban areas. Srijaya Negara Street in Ilir Barat I District, Palembang City, is one of the strategic roads serving educational, trade, and service activities, so it has a high traffic volume, especially during peak hours. This condition has the potential to affect the performance of the road section, so an analysis of the road service level is needed. This study aims to analyze the service level of Srijaya Negara Street based on the characteristics of traffic flow and road capacity. The research method was carried out through a field survey with primary data collection in the form of traffic volume, road geometric conditions, and side obstacles. Data were analyzed by calculating traffic volume, road capacity, and degree of saturation (DS) to determine the level of road service. The analysis results show that traffic flow is dominated by motorcycles, followed by light vehicles and heavy vehicles. The value of the Degree of Saturation (DS) obtained is 0.748, so Srijaya Negara Street is included in the Level of Service (LOS) is D. This condition indicates that traffic flow is still stable, but the freedom of drivers to choose speed and perform maneuvers is starting to be limited due to increased interaction between vehicles. The high level of activity in educational and commercial areas, as well as side obstacles, are the main factors affecting road performance. Therefore, traffic management and side obstacle control are necessary to maintain and improve the level of road service in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Paramitha Syafarina, Andi Herius, Septarianti Arini, Nadra Mutiara Sari, S.Salwa Nabilah Putri, M. Jibran Ramadhan, M. Hadi Nugraha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Infiltration Capacity on Various Land Covers in the PT Semen Padang Industrial Area
Changes in land cover within industrial areas have the potential to reduce soil infiltration capacity and increase the risk of surface runoff and flooding. This study aims to analyze and compare infiltration capacities across various land cover types within the industrial area of PT Semen Padang. Infiltration measurements were conducted using the double-ring infiltrometer method on several land cover types, namely greenbelt areas, open land, and developed areas. The data obtained were analyzed using the Horton model approach to determine initial and constant infiltration rates. The results indicate that greenbelt areas exhibit the highest infiltration capacity, with an average constant infiltration rate of 183.3 mm/h, followed by open land at 74 mm/h, while built-up areas showed the lowest rate at 35.9 mm/h. These differences are influenced by soil density, organic matter content, and vegetation root activity. These findings indicate that an increase in built-up surface area significantly reduces the soil’s ability to infiltrate water, thereby potentially increasing surface runoff. This study recommends the implementation of green infrastructure and the conservation of vegetated land to support sustainable stormwater management in industrial areas.
Copyright (c) 2025 Totoh Andayono, Muhammad Din http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Construction Work Sequencing and Zoning Strategy for Structural Works at Summarecon Mall Bandung
Large building projects require a construction sequence that integrates technical dependencies, site access, material flow, and crew allocation. This study analysed the implementation of structural work sequencing and a zoning system in the Summarecon Mall Bandung Phase 2 project. A descriptive case-study approach was used. Data were obtained from project documents, shop drawings, field observations, and photographic documentation produced during the 2023 construction period. The analysis identified the logical dependencies between work packages and examined how six work zones were released. The structural sequence consisted of pile driving, pile-head cutting, excavation and backfilling, soil compaction, pile-cap and tie-beam construction, column works, and beam-and-slab works. Zones 1 and 5 were started first because they did not interfere with the main access and equipment manoeuvring areas. Zones 2 and 3 followed when the first zones reached approximately 30% progress. Zones 4 and 6 were completed last because they functioned as the principal access and logistics corridors. The zoning strategy enabled overlapping activities while maintaining access, but its effectiveness depended on labour competence, material delivery, equipment availability, approvals, financing, and site coordination. The study concluded that explicit access constraints and progress-based release rules should be included in structural work-sequencing plans.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafizul Adib Zulyan, Nevy Sandra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Education to Improve Traffic Safety Awareness at SMAN 1 Harau Through Card Games
Traffic safety remains a significant issue among adolescents in Indonesia. Senior high school students represent a particularly susceptible demographic. This community service initiative aimed to enhance students' understanding of road safety at SMAN 1 Harau via an interactive card game called Road Smart Card. The program was executed with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 30 students. The Traffic Smart Card featured depictions of traffic signs, authentic traffic scenarios, and educational inquiries to promote dialogue and contemplation. The results indicated a notable enhancement in students' knowledge, with a posttest mean score of 90.50 compared to a pretest mean score of 71.17, reflecting a 27.17% gain. The mean N-Gain score is 0.68, categorizing it as high and affirming the efficacy of the learning medium. Fifty percent of students achieved a high gain classification, while the remaining fifty percent fell into a medium group, with no students categorized as low. Over 90% of the students actively participated in group discussions and game activities, fostering an engaging and enjoyable learning environment. The therapy also resulted in emotional and behavioral changes in addition to cognitive improvements. The school committed to including media in standard educational practices, the School Safety Patrol extracurricular program, and OSIS activities. The program effectively enhanced understanding and road safety culture among young students in a pertinent and sustainable manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fithriyah Patriotika, Rizky Indra Utama, Faisal Ashar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Pedestrian Safety Level Using Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI) for Student Pedestrians at SMAN 1 Gunung Talang
Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. If involved in an accident, the risk of fatality they face is greater than that of other road users (Shinar, 2007). This study aims to analyze the level of safety for pedestrians based on the level of risk expressed by the Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI). The case study was conducted on pedestrian students at SMAN 1 Gunung Talang. The data in this study are traffic conflict data obtained from analysis of field observations. The data required in calculating the Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI) were obtained from field observations. The observations were conducted over two days, namely Monday and Tuesday, where the morning survey was conducted from 06.30 - 07.30 when students entered school and in the afternoon from 15.00 - 16.00 when students returned from school. The data were further analyzed to obtain the Pedestrian Risk Index (PRI) value. The results of the data analysis show that there are differences in PRI values ​​based on the day and time of the crossing, namely crossings carried out in the morning have a higher average PRI value of 124.91 than crossings in the afternoon with an average PRI value of 61.55. Based on this study, it can be concluded that crossings carried out in the afternoon have a higher level of safety compared to crossings carried out in the morning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rizky Indra Utama, Darma Hendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Construction of Clean Water Supply and Ablution Facilities at Al-Ikhlas Mosque
Padang Baru Jorong in Nagari Ganggo Hilia, Bonjol District, Pasaman Regency, is a rural settlement of approximately 30 households that is not served by a municipal water pipeline. Al-Ikhlas Mosque had relied on a shallow dug well with visually poor water quality, and the congregation had to draw water manually with a bucket because no permanent ablution facility was available. This community partnership activity aimed to provide a functional water-supply system and construct an accessible ablution facility for the mosque congregation and nearby residents. The program was implemented through field observation, coordination with local authorities and mosque managers, technical design and budgeting, procurement of materials, and 32 hours of construction work involving lecturers, students, and community members. The completed works included a water pump, a 500 L storage tank supported by a 2.5 m steel tower, PVC distribution pipes, a roofed ablution structure, and water faucets. The system conveyed water from the well to the storage tank and distributed it by gravity to the ablution points. The activity reduced the need for elderly congregants to lift water manually and improved the availability and convenience of water for worship. The project shows that a simple, community-based water installation can address basic service limitations in an unserved rural mosque
Copyright (c) 2025 Muvi Yandra, Totoh Andayono, Yuwalitas Gusmareta, Henny Yustisia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Contractor's Construction Claim Submission
Construction projects are basically bound by a contract document. The document regulates the duration of the project, the scope of the project and the specifications of the project as well as the rights and obligations of each party between the contractor and the owner. With this contract, it is expected that the construction project can run smoothly and on time. However, claims are still often submitted in the construction process. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the factors causing claims made by the contractor to the owner. Using a quantitative descriptive approach method, the results showed that the factors that dominate the submission of contractor claims are the owner's delay in approving shop drawings with an Importance Index of 0.871. There were design changes made by the owner with an Importance Index of 0.842. The occurrence of high rainfall intensity with an Importance Index of 0.751. The requested material is not available in the city but must be indented with an Importance Index of 0.743. There is additional work outside the contract specified by the Importance Index of 0.729.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lilis Novitasari, Micky Fetriani, Monika Natalia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Correlation between Camera Angle and the Accuracy of Elevation Measurements Derived from UAV-Photogrammetry
Elevation measurement is essential for various applications, including construction engineering, monitoring land subsidence, maintaining infrastructure, etc. A conventional method for elevation measurement involves terrestrial surveying using a Total Station instrument. However, this method can be time-consuming and requires a considerable number of personnel. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry method offers a more efficient solution for determining elevation. This method utilizes UAVs equipped with camera sensors to capture aerial photos. In this research, aerial photos were taken using three different camera angle configurations: nadir (90°), oblique (65°), and oblique (45°). The elevation points derived from the UAV photogrammetry data were compared with the elevation measured by the Total Station. The analysis showed that the nadir (90°) camera angle configuration had the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) at 0.0471 meters, followed by the oblique (65°) configuration with RMSE of 0.0508 meters, and the obliqu (45°) configuration with RMSE of 0.1399 meters. According to the t-test, the elevations derived using the UAV photogrammetry method were not significantly different from the elevations measured with the Total Station.
Copyright (c) 2025 Helik Susilo, Dandung Novianto, Trias Rahardianto, Dyah Ayu Rahmawati Cupasindi, Muhamad Fajar Subkhan, Supiyono, Fuji Asema http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community-Based Implementation of a Waterwheel-Based Micro-Hydro Power System through Civil Water Intake Construction in Rural Agam, Indonesia
This article reports on a community service program to implement a waterwheel-based micro-hydro power system by constructing a civil water intake in Nagari Kamang Hilia, Agam Regency, West Sumatra. The program aimed to provide renewable electricity for rice milling and community street lighting, while strengthening local capacity for operations and maintenance. The implementation consisted of stakeholder coordination, field surveys, drone-based mapping, preparation of Detailed Engineering Design, civil intake construction, electrical integration, commissioning, and community training. The constructed components included an intake structure, a guide channel, a sluice gate, a trash rack, inlet and outlet channels, and a waterwheel chamber. These components were designed to regulate water flow, minimize disturbance from sediment and debris, and support stable waterwheel operation under low-head conditions. Field measurements indicated an average flow velocity of approximately 2 m/s, supporting an initial system capacity of about 5 kW. The system provides renewable electricity for productive use and street lighting, reducing dependence on costly diesel fuel and improving local energy resilience. The training activities also improved community knowledge of intake cleaning, sediment control, waterwheel inspection, and basic electrical safety. The program demonstrates that integrating civil engineering infrastructure, renewable energy technologies, and community participation can serve as a practical model for sustainable rural development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faisal Ashar, Yaumal Arbi, Ricky Maulana, Risma Apdeni http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Work Compatibility of Loading Excavators and Conveying Equipment in The Stripping of Overburden Pc 2000
The productivity of overburden stripping is highly dependent on the productivity and work compatibility of the mechanical tools used. This research was carried out on the work load excavator (Fleet 1825) at Pit Banko Tengah A, PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk. with the aim of analyzing the productivity level of the excavation and loading equipment, determining the work compatibility value (match factor), and evaluating the number of transportation equipment needs. Based on actual observations, obstacles were found in the form of piles of soil (spoil) on the side of the road and undulating transport road surface conditions. Road conditions that do not meet these standards result in narrowing of lanes, a decrease in the average speed of means of transportation, and an increase in cycle time. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data collection which includes cycle time, effective working time, and the number of digging and loading bucket fills. The results of the analysis showed that the actual productivity of the Komatsu PC 2000-8 excavator excavator reached 914.57 BCM/Hour, while the productivity of the Komatsu HD-785 Dump Truck was 164.7 BCM/Hour. The assessment of work compatibility between 1 unit of excavation equipment and 7 units of transport equipment resulted in a Match Factor (MF) value of 1.25. The MF value of > 1 indicates the occurrence of queues and waiting times for transportation equipment in the work area. Based on the evaluation of productivity suitability, it is recommended to reduce the number of transportation equipment from 7 units to 6 units so that the production target runs optimally and efficiently. In addition to optimizing the compatibility of digging loading and transporting equipment, it is recommended to standardize the geometry of the transport road according to regulations to minimize obstacle time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Admizal Nazki, Heri Prabowo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategy Development of Perumda Air Minum Performance Improvement using Combination of Balance Scorecard, SWOT and QSPM Methods
The provision of drinking water is one of the basic needs and socio-economic rights of the community that must be fulfilled by the Government, both the Regional Government and the Central Government. Increasing access to drinking water is closely related to improving the performance of Perumda as a business unit providing drinking water. Perumda Air Minum Tirta Alami Tanah Datar Regency is the only BUMD that provides drinking water in Tanah Datar Regency. As a company that organizes the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM), Perumda Air Minum is required to be able to provide the best possible service in providing clean water to the community. The performance evaluation study of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Alami Tanah Datar Regency was carried out in general through some stages; data inventory, performance evaluation and determination of performance status. The performance assessment uses four aspects, namely service, operational, human resources and financial aspects for the period of 2023. From the results of the evaluation of the four aspects, the performance of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Alami Tanah Datar Regency showed a quite good performance, with a total indicator value of all aspects of 3.10. This shows that the company can be categorized as healthy because it has a total value of more than 2.8. Based on this study, it is expected that the company can strive to improve performance on indicators that still obtain values that do not meet the predetermined standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zilvia Wulandari, Shinta Indah, Denny Helard http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cost Analysis of Construction Safety Management Systems: Compliance Assessment with Indonesian Safety Regulations
The Indonesian construction sector plays a vital role in national economic development, yet it continues to face significant occupational safety challenges. This study assesses the implementation of Construction Safety Management Systems by national safety regulations, with a focus on compliance within the XYZ construction project. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative budget analysis with qualitative field observations and interviews with safety officers. Findings indicate that while safety measures were implemented, budget allocations remained insufficient to meet regulatory requirements. Critical components, such as safety training and preventive risk control measures, were notably underfunded, reflecting gaps between policy mandates and their practical execution. The study highlights systemic challenges in safety budget planning, including inconsistent incorporation of regulatory standards and disproportionate allocation across safety components. These findings contribute to broader discussions on construction safety governance in emerging economies, emphasizing the need for improved compliance mechanisms and accountability frameworks. Practical recommendations include the adoption of risk-based budgeting approaches and enhanced oversight to ensure adequate safety investments. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to strengthen safety management practices in public construction projects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ari Syaiful Rahman Arifin, Faisal Ashar, Fitra Rifwan, Nevy Sandra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of PM1 Concentration on Primary Arterial Roads in Padang City and Correlation with Meteorological Conditions and Traffic Characteristics
This study aims to analyze PM1 concentration and the correlation of PM1 concentration with meteorological conditions and traffic characteristics on Padang City Primary Arterial Roads. The research location is perpendicular to Padang City Bypass II Road which is 5m from the roadside. PM1 measurements were carried out using an EPAM 5000 real-time particulate air monitor. Measurements were made during morning rush hour (06.30-08.30 WIB), midday off-peak hours (11.00-13.00 WIB), and evening rush hour (16.00-18.00 WIB). The results showed that the average PM1 concentration and standard deviation in the morning, midday, and evening were 17.48(3.05) μg/m3, 22.87(2.76) μg/m3, and 34.60(7.68) μg/m3 respectively with the highest concentration obtained in the evening reaching 42.63 μg/m3 and the lowest concentration in the morning 12.83 μg/m3. The results of the correlation between PM1 concentrations and meteorological conditions have a reasonably strong to very strong correlation. PM1 concentrations are directly proportional to temperature and wind speed and inversely proportional to humidity. The correlation results of PM1 concentrations to traffic characteristics are directly proportional, such as traffic volume, vehicle speed, and traffic density have a reasonably strong to very strong correlation. These results indicate meteorological factors and traffic characteristics as the main contributors to road air pollution. The recommendation from this study is to optimize air quality monitoring and traffic management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramadhanil, Vera Surtia Bachtiar, Rizki Aziz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Landslide Disaster Management in Sawahlunto
Sawahlunto City had a high level of landslide vulnerability due to its hilly topography with steep slopes and clay-dominated sedimentary geological conditions. These characteristics made the area highly susceptible to prolonged heavy rainfall, which acted as the main trigger for landslides. In response, the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Sawahlunto implemented disaster management efforts in the pre-disaster, during-disaster, and post-disaster phases. To evaluate the effectiveness, strengths, and weaknesses of these efforts, an evaluation was conducted along with the formulation of alternative strategies for landslide disaster risk reduction. This study employed a qualitative approach, based on interviews with 26 respondents, including relevant agency representatives and affected community members. A SWOT analysis was used to evaluate disaster management activities by identifying internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes based on similarities in the respondents’ statements. The results indicated several strengths, including disaster education programs, the Sitaruna Darling initiative, hazard warning signs, risk assessment documents, community forums, and inter-agency collaboration. Weaknesses included limited structural mitigation, poor drainage management, unregulated development, uneven distribution of disaster education, gaps in the formation of Disaster Resilient Villages, damaged early warning systems, and limited financial and human resources of BPBD. Opportunities involved community interest in disaster education, village fund allocation, technological utilization, a strong local cooperation culture, and potential support from BNPB and local parliament programs Major threats included prolonged high-intensity rainfall, unstable topographic and geological conditions prone to landslides, and low public understanding of landslide disaster risks. The recommended strategies involved enhancing inter-agency synergy, optimizing structural mitigation, strengthening regulations, ensuring equal access to disaster education, developing Sitaruna Darling innovations, improving early warning systems, and utilizing BNPB grants for recovery efforts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Dwi Syafira, Taufika Ophiyandri, Benny Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Waste to Energy Utilization Technology Study in Padang City
Solid waste management in Padang City is problematic due to the annual increase in waste generation, which leads to various environmental issues. This study aims to predict the most profitable waste-to-energy (WtE) treatment methods from technical and environmental perspectives that can alleviate these issues in Padang City. The study begins with analyzing solid waste generation, composition, and characteristics. Additionally, the amount of incoming waste for thermal planning is projected based on projected generation and population. The environmental implications were assessed using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. Various waste treatment methods' technical and environmental viability was evaluated, focusing on projected waste generation in 2031, estimated at 929 tons/day. The analysis of technical aspects revealed that thermal processing of mixed waste gasification is the most profitable option, requiring only 5,101 m2 of land and capable of producing 188 GWh/year while achieving the lowest LCA Single Score of 5.82E+04 Conversely, anaerobic digesters and RDF processing generate 120 GWh and 47 GWh of electrical energy, respectively, with Single Score LCA of 4.25E+10 Pt and 7.74E+09 Pt. However, the environmental impact of WtE is the most significant, primarily due to its contribution to global warming. Global warming is predominantly attributed to carbon monoxide (CO) compounds, with carbon dioxide (CO₂) being the primary emission responsible for the observed increase in global temperature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wendi Surdinal, Rizki Aziz, Vera Surtia Bachtiar, Muhammad Fadhli Ajis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Fast Track Method in Bore Pile Foundation Construction for Regional General Hospital Development Projects
In a project, running work will require a good planning, scheduling and control, and are influenced by factors such as good resources, material availability, equipment availability, and performance. Natural conditions and other factors affect project progress and can also be the cause of delays in project completion, resulting in the planned time to exceed the previous specified time. With the implementation of the Fast Track method on Bore Pile's work, it can be seen how quickly it will take for the work to be continued and the development project of the Regional Hospital to be completed. This research will focus on the analysis of time and cost acceleration in order to determine the comparison of time obtained with the scheduling start time and also on the analysis of cost outcomes required for acceleration, It is also a matter of consideration for contractors and for project owners and can also be a medium of learning especially in construction management. From the analysis of this study, the result was that the time obtained from the acceleration of activities was 20 days from the initial duration of 110 days to 90 days with the required cost of Rp 9,466,975,861.54, and the cost difference between normal cost and Fast Track method was Rp 238,218,404,57.
Fast Track; Acceleration; Bore Pile; Construction; Hospital Building
Copyright (c) 2025 Doni Setiawan, Lily Kholida, Prihadmadi Anggoro Seno http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Retaining Wall Design in Addressing the Waterlogging Problem in Tambaklorok
North Semarang is a densely populated area. Several villages are located not only on the North Coast of Java but also at the mouth of the Semarang River, and these villages are often hit by inundation floods. One of the causes of flooding in Tambak Lorok, Semarang is land subsidence and high tide or ROB. To handle the inundation that occurs, a study of the calculation of the retaining wall structure to hold back the inundation so that it does not enter the Old GIS Switchyard of Tambak Lorok Substation Semarang. The retaining wall planned with a total height of 1.8 m and a bottom width of 0.85 m is stable to the bearing capacity of the soil and safe against overturning and sliding. The bearing capacity of 18 drill pile foundation points with a diameter of 40 cm at a depth of 14 meters is sufficient to withstand the retaining wall and the load above it (350,424 tons > 264,384 tons).
Copyright (c) 2025 Melinda Dwi Rahmawati, Ahmad Rifa'i, Fajar Dwi Satriaji http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of PM10 and PM2.5 in Ambient Air: Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Western Area of a Cement Plant
The objective of this study is to evaluate the horizontal distribution of particulate matter concentrations (PM10 and PM2.5) in ambient air within the vicinity of the cement factory, with consideration for variations in spatial and temporal. The measurements were conducted using the EPAM 5000 instrument, with a total of six sampling points at distances of 0 km, 0.5 km, 1 km, 1.5 km, 2 km and 2.5 km, both during the day and at night, over a period of three days. Meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed were measured to analyses their influence on particulate matter distribution. The findings revealed that the highest PM10 and PM2,5 concentrations were measured at the location closest to the factory (B1) with values of 113.98 μg/m³ and 75.73 μg/m³ at night and 52.80 μg/m³ and 28.27 μg/m³ during the day. A clear pattern of decreasing concentrations of both types of particulates as the distance from the source increases is evident, with a significant decrease occurring at a distance of 0-0.5 km. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio at night (0.67) was higher than during the day (0.56), indicating a greater contribution of fine particulates at night. Meteorological conditions play an important role in the distribution of particulate matter, in particular changes in wind direction and wind speed at night contribute to differences in the concentration and distribution of particulate matter. The results of this study indicate an increased risk of exposure to particulate matter in areas near factories, especially at night, which can be a basis for consideration in the preparation of air pollution control policies and efforts to safeguard public health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Apriandi. AD, Vera Surtia Bachtiar, Shinta Silvia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk Analysis of Project Owners As Actors in the Procurement of Government Goods and Services in Construction Work
In the implementation of PBJP construction work, potential risks that can affect the achievement of PBJP goals, namely producing the right goods/services according to the budget, but this has still not been researched in the Agam Regency area. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the risks that can occur to Project Owners/Owners (PBJP) in the implementation of construction in the area. The risk identification method was carried out through a pilot survey of project owners as well as previous literature studies. Meanwhile, the risk assessment was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to PBJP actors, referring to the Australian/New Zealand Risk Management standard (AS 4360). Risks are grouped based on their risk levels at various stages, namely planning, procurement, selection, election implementation, and handover. The results of the risk assessment showed that there were no risks with extreme categories, but there were 10 risks with high categories, 53 risks with medium categories, and 1 risk with low categories. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of construction risk management policies and practices in the Agam Regency area, as well as provide new insights in research related to PBJP in other areas that have similar characteristics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arief Adrian, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Risk Control of Work Accidents in the Overpass Steel Box Girder Erection Work Process with JSA and HIRADC Methods
The construction of bridges, flyovers, overpasses, and other types of crossing structures is increasing along with the increasing volume of traffic. One important aspect of this development is the Girder Erection process, which is highly risky because heavy equipment and materials are in direct contact with workers. This study aims to analyze the risk of work at each stage of the construction of the Steel Box Girder Overpass Balaraja Barat B Tangerang City using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control (HIRADC) methods. This analysis covers each stage of work, starting from preparation, crawler crane setup, Steel Box Girder assembly, and Erection. The results showed 5 jobs with low-risk levels, 6 jobs with high-risk levels, and 7 jobs with very high-risk levels. In the research findings, the factor that causes the dominance of high and very high-risk levels is due to the impact of the risks that arise many of which have a very fatal impact so that they can cause large material losses and can cause casualties. Therefore, the determination of risk control is carried out to reduce the risk level to a lower level. After controlling, the risk level results are 11 jobs with low-risk levels, 6 jobs with moderate risk levels, and 1 job with high risk.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yoris Saeful Siesmax, Muhammad Oka Mahendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Land Use Changes in Batang Suliti Watershed using ArcGIS
The ArcGIS application can process satellite imagery data into a land use map and calculate the area of each land use type. This study analyzes land use changes in the Batang Suliti watershed from 2013 to 2022 using ArcGIS. The study employs supervised classification and cloud masking techniques to enhance accuracy. The results indicate that forest area decreased by 4.47% with an annual change rate of 0.50%, followed by a 2.55% reduction in rice fields, while residential areas increased by 1.21%. These changes are mainly driven by population growth and agricultural expansion. The findings highlight the need for sustainable land use management policies to mitigate environmental degradation in the watershed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Robby Eldy Eka Putra, Junaidi, Andriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inhibiting Factors of the Acceleration of Irrigation Water Use Improvement Program
Inhibiting Factors of the Acceleration of Irrigation Water Use Improvement Program (P3-TGAI) is a program for rehabilitation, improvement, or construction of irrigation networks based on the participation of farming communities which is carried out in a self-managed or non-contractual manner follow-up to the Ministry of PUPR Directorate General of Water Resources. Based on the evaluation results from Pambudi & Pramujo in 2023, the implementation of P3-TGAI activities at the basic level still encounters various problems, although in general many successes have been achieved. These problems are seen from the aspects of funding transparency, institutional readiness in the field, late determination of target locations, and less than optimal socialization at the farm level. These problems will hamper the aims, objectives, and goals of P3-TGAI activities. In order for the future implementation of this activity to run smoothly, research was conducted to find out what are the inhibiting factors that have the potential to hinder the success of this inhibiting activity in the preparation stage, planning stage, and implementation stage. The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method with a questionnaire instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to assistants. From the results of the study, it was found that there were 15 inhibiting factors with a very high influence on the implementation of P3-TGAI activities. 60% of them came from the preparation stage, 27% came from the implementation stage, and the rest (13.3%) came from the planning stage. Of all the inhibiting factors with a very high influence, there is one inhibiting factor with the highest score, namely communication with the community is not good. The solution to poor communication with the community is that the assistants build good emotional relationships with the community, ТPM must often go to the field, and assistants mingle with the community. In terms of general project objectives, inhibiting factors that hinder timeliness are lack of community participation and poor communication and coordination by the community. The inhibiting factors that hinder quality accuracy are the lack of knowledge and experience of the assistants and the lack of socialization to the village community. And the inhibiting factor that hinders cost accuracy is that the community is manipulated by other parties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nadia Permata, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phenomenon of Sediment Distribution Patterns in Bends Due to Changes in Check Dam Layout
Indonesia has high rainfall, which often causes flooding. Large volumes of rainwater cause sediment in river channels to move from upstream to downstream. The shape of rivers in Indonesia tends to bend, so the researcher conducted a study of the turning channel using a check dam structure with three placement conditions, namely before the bend, in the middle of the bend, and after the bend. This research was conducted at the Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Padang. This study aims to determine the impact of sediment on erosion caused by the placement of check dams on river bends and to determine the distribution of sediment due to changes in the position of Check Dam buildings on river bends. A 12.8 m long channel, made of 5 mm acrylic, with a cross section of 0.4 m x 0.4 m and a bend angle of 120o, was used in the experiment. Researchers measured flood discharge and sediment distribution for each of the three check dam positions. The study showed that the sediment distribution varied significantly depending on the location of the check dam. The researchers observed that the most balanced sediment distribution, with relatively equal deposition on the inner and outer sides of the bend, occurred when the check dam was placed after the bend. Based on these findings, they recommend placing check dams after bends in meandering rivers to minimize erosion and promote a more balanced sediment distribution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Kurniasari, Darwizal Daoed, Nurhamidah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of Technical Qualification Evaluation for Construction Work Tender on Under Bid Price Contract
Based on data from LPSE Padang City for the 2021 and 2022 fiscal years, it was found that one third of the work packages in those fiscal year had an Under Bid Price Contract (UBPC) or an offer with less than 80% of the Owner’s Estimate (OE). The purpose of this study is to examine the conformity between field implementation and technical qualification documents in construction work tenders with less than 80% OE or under bid price contracts in Padang City and its impact on small qualifications. Qualitative analysis based on the results of interviews with implementing contractors from several institutions or agencies involved in the procurement process of goods/services in Padang City was used in this study. This study only focuses on the technical qualifications of construction work tenders on under bid price contracts in Padang City using the tender method and the one-envelope method with a small category Construction Services Business License for the 2023 Fiscal Year. The results of the study show that qualification documents and contract documents with HPS of less than 80% in the implementation in the field are still appropriate. The results of interviews with seven contractors showed that the main equipment and managerial personnel used were also still appropriate. The profit target has been achieved by 4 out of 7 respondents (57.14%) and the remaining 3 out of 7 respondents did not get any profit, this is known from the end of the contract period. 3 out of 7 respondents (42.86%) have minor disabilities and 4 out of 7 respondents do not have minor disabilities. 7 respondents (100%) also did not experience delays in work. 3 out of 7 respondents experienced one contract addendum and the remaining 4 out of 7 experienced two contract addendums.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adel Emir Fuadi Harahap, Benny Hidayat, Akhmad Suraji http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Fulfillment Security, Safety, Health, and Sustainability (K4) Standards Building Construction in Padang City
Construction services play a crucial role in national development, and providing Safety, Health, and Sustainability (K4) standards is an important aspect in its implementation. This study aims to channel the level of provision of K4 standards in building construction in Padang City from the perspective of stakeholders (Project Owners, Supervising Consultants, and Contractors), and identify areas that need improvement. This research method uses a qualitative approach with semi-structured interview techniques. Interviews were conducted in depth with representatives from each stakeholder to explore information on the understanding, implementation, and challenges related to K4 standards. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitatively by identifying themes that emerged from the interviews and comparing them with the applicable K4 standards. The results of the study indicate that the level of provision of K4 standards in building construction in Padang City is not yet optimal. Of the eight criteria containing K4 standards, there are three standards that have been 100% met (material quality standards, quality standards for the results of construction service implementation, and social protection guidelines for workers). However, there are five standards that still need to be improved, namely equipment quality standards (87.50%), occupational health and safety standards (84.37%), construction service implementation procedure standards (97.22%), operational and maintenance standards (66.67%), and environmental management standards (91.20%). The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the stakeholder perspective in evaluating K4 standards. Previous studies tend to view K4 standards from only one perspective, so this study provides a more comprehensive picture. In addition, this study also specifically identifies areas that need to be improved, so that they can be the basis for implementing more effective construction policies. The practical implications of this study are recommendations for more comprehensive construction policies to improve the provision of K4 standards. Local governments and construction associations can use the results of this study to develop more effective training, socialization, and supervision programs. In addition, this study can also be a reference for construction actors to increase awareness and compliance with K4 standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irvan Guswandi, Akhmad Suraji, Benny Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of PET Plastic Waste in Concrete Asphalt Mixture (AC-BC) to Improve the Stability and Sustainability of Road Infrastructure
Plastic waste, especially Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), is one of the biggest environmental issues in Kediri City, with a volume of 140 tons per month. This research aims to utilize PET plastic waste as an additional material in the Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) mixture. The study was conducted using an experimental method with variations in PET levels of 0%, 6%, 8%, and 14% of the total weight of the mixture. The test was carried out using Marshall standards to evaluate performance parameters such as stability, flow, VIM (Void in Mix), VMA (Void in Mineral Aggregate), and VFB (Void Filled with Bitumen). The results showed that the addition of PET to 6% increased the stability of the mixture to 6300 kg, higher than the mixture without PET (6200 kg). The flow value increased with the addition of PET, reaching 3.8 mm at a rate of 14%. In addition, VMA and VIM tend to decrease, indicating an increase in the density of the mixture, while VFB achieves an optimal value at a PET level of 6%. This study concluded that PET waste can be used effectively to improve the performance of AC-BC mixtures, with an optimal level of 6%. The utilization of PET plastic waste not only improves the performance of road infrastructure but also contributes to the reduction of plastic waste, thus supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable construction solutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andri Dwi Cahyono, Zendy Bima Mahardana, Evita Fitrianis Hidiyati, M. Faisol Firmansyah, Erwindsyah Putra W http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bridge Condition Assessment (Case Study: Padang – Bukittinggi Route)
Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure, ensuring smooth traffic flow and regional connectivity. However, their structural conditions are influenced by various factors, including traffic loads, material durability, and natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Despite existing bridge maintenance frameworks, a comprehensive condition assessment specifically tailored to the Padang-Bukittinggi route has not been thoroughly conducted. This study introduces a systematic evaluation using the Bridge Condition Rate (BCR) method to provide data-driven maintenance recommendations. A total of eight bridges along the Padang-Bukittinggi route were assessed through detailed and routine inspections, followed by cross-case analysis. The results indicate that 75% of the bridges (6 out of 8) require periodic maintenance (BCR=2), 12.5% (1 bridge) necessitates rehabilitation (BCR=3), and another 12.5% (1 bridge) demands immediate replacement (BCR=5) due to severe structural damage. These findings highlight the urgency of targeted maintenance strategies to enhance bridge longevity and operational safety. The study provides critical insights for policymakers and infrastructure authorities, emphasizing the need for proactive maintenance planning to ensure road network sustainability and public safety.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amelia Masza, Benny Hidayat, Taufika Ophiyandri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Knowledge of Simple Earthquake-Resistant Houses after the 2022 Pasaman Earthquake
The 2022 Pasaman earthquake caused significant infrastructure damage, including widespread housing losses. To mitigate future risks, constructing earthquake-resistant homes is crucial. While previous studies by Hariyanto in 2020 examined public awareness of such structures, they did not analyze behavioral changes after major disasters. This study addresses that gap by assessing how the earthquake influenced attitudes and construction practices in Nagari Kajai and Nagari Malampah. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via a structured questionnaire, adapted from the 2021 BSPS Home Building Construction Guidebook. The survey covered five aspects: building materials, main structure, structural connections, construction quality, and post-earthquake behavioral changes. Accidental sampling was used, with 60 respondents from the two affected areas. Findings show that 60% of respondents have fair knowledge of earthquake-resistant housing, while 20% demonstrate good knowledge and 20% have poor knowledge. Pearson Correlation analysis indicates a weak but significant relationship between knowledge levels and gender (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.034), while education and occupation showed no significant correlation (p = 0.168 and p = 0.141). Post-earthquake, a shift toward semi-permanent housing structures was observed, highlighting the need for standardized, affordable building regulations. Policymakers should collaborate with local builders to ensure effective knowledge transfer on earthquake-resistant construction. Future reconstruction efforts should integrate post-earthquake evaluations to assess long-term housing resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rezi Aulia Febriani, Taufika Ophiyandri, Benny Hidayat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Waste Tire Crumb Rubber on the Damping Ratio and Natural Frequency of Mortar for Masonry Wall Applications
This study investigated the effect of waste tire crumb rubber on the damping characteristics of mortar for masonry wall applications using the free vibration method. Beam specimens measuring 500 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm were prepared with different crumb rubber contents and two particle sizes, namely passing the No. 4 (4.75 mm) and No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieves. Free vibration tests were conducted using a cantilever beam configuration with a 15 N suspended load. The acceleration responses were recorded using a piezoelectric accelerometer connected to the Dewesoft data acquisition system and analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and logarithmic decrement methods to determine the natural frequency and damping ratio. The results showed that increasing the crumb rubber content enhanced the damping ratio while reducing the natural frequency of the mortar specimens. The highest damping ratio of 4.16% was obtained for the specimen containing 60% crumb rubber passing the No. 4 sieve. These findings demonstrated that waste tire crumb rubber effectively improved vibration energy dissipation and showed considerable potential as a sustainable material for enhancing the dynamic performance of masonry mortar.
Copyright (c) 2025 Multilawati Nasution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0